Journal of Manufacturing Innovations

Journal of Manufacturing Innovations

Vacuum Arc Remelting of WMoNbTa alloys from Elemental Powders: Feasibility, microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion and wear behavior

Document Type : Research Article

Authors
1 Department of Materials Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
10.22055/jomi.2025.51453.1033
Abstract
The present work examines the fabrication, microstructural characteristics, mechanical performance, and corrosion resistance of two refractory high-entropy alloys: W25Mo25Nb25Ta25 and W22.5Mo22.5Nb22.5Ta22.5V10. The alloys were successfully fabricated from high-purity elemental powders using a two-stage arc melting procedure to ensure high homogeneity. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed that both alloys exhibit parameters favorable for the formation of a disordered Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) solid solution. The addition of 10 at.% vanadium was found to be a potent microstructural modifier, leading to significant refinement and the formation of V-rich secondary phases. This microstructural evolution resulted in a substantial enhancement of the alloy's mechanical properties; the vanadium-modified HEA showed a 42.2% increase in hardness and a yield strength of 1280 MPa, outperforming the base alloy.Electrochemical analysis revealed the remarkable corrosion resistance of both alloys, particularly the W22.5Mo22.5Nb22.5Ta22.5V10 alloy, which demonstrated a 15.7-fold reduction in corrosion rate compared to the base alloy. This exceptional resistance is attributed to vanadium's role in stabilizing protective passive films and homogenizing the matrix. Addition of vanadium to the base alloy improved wear behavior and change wear mechanism from adhesive to abrasive wear. However, the presence of secondary phases creating micro-galvanic couples was identified as a limiting factor in further corrosion properties. The findings highlight the significant potential of these vanadium-modified refractory HEAs made from powder feedstock for use in demanding structural and corrosive environments.
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  • Receive Date 24 December 2025
  • Revise Date 10 July 2026
  • Accept Date 27 December 2025